Noam, in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2001 2.3 Age Chronology It is one's own constructed timetable that appears to be most important for well-being, and the social clock may be less critical. For example, those with more education will be likely to get married, start a family and begin a job at later ages than the general population. However, the research indicates that many individuals set their own timetables which do not correspond to societal norms. There are consequences associated with being early or late with regard to certain events (graduation, marriage, having a child, getting a job). Thus individuals can gauge whether or not they are on-time or off-time relative to these norms (Neugarten and Hagestead 1976). Based on cultural and societal norms, there is a sense of when certain events or milestones should be achieved. The social clock is another important organizing framework for adulthood. Feeling younger than one's age is typically associated with better health and well-being. The older one is, generally, the larger the discrepancy between age and subjective age. Those in adolescence often feel slightly older then their age, young adults usually report feeling close to their age, whereas in midlife and old age adults feel on average 10–15 years younger than their age (Montepare and Lachman 1989). When adults are asked how old they feel, their responses often do not correspond to their actual chronological age. Subjective definitions of age are also important. Old age is typically divided into the periods of young old (60–75) and old old (75 and up). Adulthood is usually divided into several periods: young or early adulthood (approximately aged 20–39), middle adulthood (40–59), and old age (60+). Some researchers suggest the use of chronological age as a marker for the timing of adulthood, whereas others suggest the transition to adulthood is better characterized by events or rites of passage such as graduation from school, starting a job, or having a family (Neugarten and Hagestead 1976). Lachman, in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2001 1 The Adult Years
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